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1.
Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences ; 17(2):580-585, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-20242718

ABSTRACT

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the awareness of cross-infection control measures followed by DHCPs during the 5th wave of Covid-19 pandemic, Omicron variant in a government sector university of Karachi, Pakistan. Method(s): A Cross-sectional study was conducted from June till September 2022 at Sindh Institute of Oral Health Science during the 5th wave of Covid 19 pandemic, Omicron variant. Data was collected from 153 DHCPs from government sector university using a self-administered questionnaire, comprising of 20 closed ended question to assess the awareness and practice of cross infection protocols by DHCPs. Result(s): 98.7% of the participants were vaccinated against Covid 19. 96% of the participants used surgical gowns, face shields, and face masks as part of PPE during examining patients and while performing procedure. After treatment 99.3% of participants washed hands with hand wash, soap or used antiseptic solution. 77.1% of participants asked for Covid 19 test report and 68.6% of participants asked for proof of vaccination against covid 19 before treating patients. 96.1% of participants recommended disinfection of dental unit after every patient. 98% of participants changed glove after every patient. 88.2% of the participants said they would carry all elective and emergency procedures. Conclusion(s): The results of this study show that DHCPs practicing at government sector university have adequate knowledge regarding prevention of cross infection protocols and their importance to limit spread of infections. But their practice of prevention of cross infection during Covid 19 pandemic is not ideal as percentage of DHCPs requiring proof of vaccination or negative reports for Covid 19 were rather low and the percentage of DHCPs willing to carry elective procedures along with emergency ones was rather high.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

2.
National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ; 10(1):1-4, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-20241556
3.
Cancer Research, Statistics, and Treatment ; 5(1):7-10, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-20233935
4.
International Journal of Infectious Diseases ; 130(Supplement 2):S118, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2324368

ABSTRACT

Intro: The need for re-use of gloves as an alternative to single use was raised in times of resource shortages because during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, marked increase in healthcare associated infection was reported, which might owing to shortage of personal protective equipment. we aimed to evaluate the risk of microbial transmission by comparing residual microorganism after multiple patient contact according to with or without gloves in clinical practice. Method(s): Three researchers made rounds of patients while touching the same area successively followed by alcohol-based hand rub: one with bare hands, one with single gloves, and one with double gloves. Hand imprints were obtained before and after rounds, and cultured to count colony-forming units (CFU). The number of colonies was compared between groups in a semi-quantitative manner by hand area. Finding(s): Mean CFU counts after round were 10.06 for bare hands, 31.22 for single-gloved hands, and 49.67 for double-gloved hands (p=0.084). The most commonly identified microorganism after rounding was coagulase-negative Staphylococci (77.8%, 42/54), followed by Bacillus species (62.9%, 34/54). Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii was confirmed from a pair of double-gloved hand specimens after the rounds. That round included a patient with the same organism with the same antibiotic susceptibility results. More microorganisms were remained after alcohol-based hand rub on gloved hands than on bare hands. Conclusion(s): From our results, the possibility of microbial transmission seems more likely in gloved hands than in bare hands even after alcohol-based hand rub. Therefore, we do not recommend the re-use of gloves after alcohol-based hand hygiene.Copyright © 2023

5.
Applied Sciences ; 13(9):5699, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2314078

ABSTRACT

Chinese traditional glove puppetry is a folk art with a long history. It is worth inheriting and safeguarding this distinguished intangible cultural traditional art using virtual reality. With this background, this study integrates the digital resources of glove puppetry from the perspective of satisfying users' performance needs. In this study, a multi-user, cloud-based virtual reality glove puppetry system was developed that enhances the classic works of glove puppetry. Each user has a unique perception of the virtual environment and can interact remotely. The system involves human–computer and human–human interactions. This study also describes the design and control of glove puppets. The virtual reality system provides a unique entertainment experience to users of all ages. Through a questionnaire administered to 30 subjects after the user play, this study investigated the operation and experience of this system. According to the research findings, the proposed cloud-based VR system is not only easy to use, but also helps to preserve traditional intangible culture. Our research has high theoretical value and can help preserve traditional glove puppetry. Our cloud-based virtual reality system offers a new application for disseminating and preserving intangible cultural heritage.

6.
Chinese Journal of Dermatology ; 53(3):159-164, 2020.
Article in Chinese | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2293391

ABSTRACT

Health professions preventing and controlling coronavirus disease 2019 are prone to skin and mucous membrane injuries, which may cause acute and chronic dermatitis, secondary infections and aggravation of underlying skin diseases. This is a consensus of Chinese experts on measures and advice on hand cleaning- and medical glove-related hand protection, mask-and goggles-related face protection, ultraviolet-related protection, as well as eye, nasal and oral mucosa, outer ear and hair protection. It is necessary to strictly follow standards on wearing protective equipment and specifications on sterilizing and cleaning. Both insufficient and excessive protection will adversely affect the skin and mucous membrane barrier. At the same time, using moisturizing products is highly recommended to achieve better protection.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.

7.
Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ; 16(1):11-17, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2301107

ABSTRACT

Community pharmacies play a significant role in providing medicines, vaccines, consultations, and other important health services to the public. Community pharmacies continued to provide their services during the COVID-19 pandemic in most countries around the world, and this was the case in Jordan. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the pharmacy staff needs to avoid the risk of exposure to the virus causing COVID-19 along with reducing the risk for customers. This paper summarizes the safety practices of most community pharmacies in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic, to protect staff and customers from the risk of exposure to COVID-19 infection. Data were collected in two folds. First, a survey was distributed online through social media targeting those pharmacists working in community pharmacies. Second, face-to-face interviews were conducted with the staff and owners of pharmacies in Jordan, asking about the procedures followed to enhance the safety practices of pharmacists. Analyzing responses revealed that since the start of the pandemic, about 94% of pharmacists were using personal protective equipment, 88% of pharmacies were frequently sterilizing the pharmacy and the main door handle, and 82% of pharmacies were providing medical masks, gloves, and alcohol at the entrance.Copyright © 2023 DSR Publishers/The University of Jordan. All Rights Reserved.

8.
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy ; Conference: ABSTRACTS of the Nancy Meeting 2022. Nancy France. 41 (no pagination), 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2296899

ABSTRACT

The Covid-19 epidemic has been the most consequential global health crisis since the era of the influenza pandemic of 1918 [1]. Due to its high spreading rate, the virus disseminated across the world in a very short time span, forcing the World Health Organization to declare Covid-19 a global pandemic after just 3 months from the first reported case in China. At the beginning of the pandemic, when no vaccines were available, people entrust their safety to very few devices such as personal protective equipment (face masks, shields, and gloves), lock-down, and social distancing. The lack of alternative and not conventional techniques to suppress the spread of airborne epidemics among humans has pushed the research to develop new antiviral devices. The SAVE-US project (Suppression of Airborne Viral Epidemic Spread by UV-Light Barriers) aims at developing and demonstrating an innovative antimicrobial device based on 222nm-radiation. As known from the literature, the UVC radiation (200-280 nm) is the most effective wavelength for the inactivation of viruses and bacteria, corresponding to the DNA and RNA absorption peaks, but may also be mutagenic. For this reason, UVC-light sterilization is commonly performed in the absence of living organisms. Radiation in the far-UVC, especially at 222 nm, has been recently investigated because it shows a good antimicrobial efficacy, tested already on both bacteria [2] and virus [3] models including coronavirus, with very limited risks to human health. The low risk is associated to the small penetration depth of 222 nm light (a few mum): the energy is absorbed by the superficial stratum corneum of the skin that contains dead cells, with negligible irradiation of the underlying live tissue [4]. We will present the first version of a new prototype of 222 nm-illuminator and some preliminary results on its characterization;the presented device will be used in successive in vitro and in vivo experiments with SARS-CoV-2 virus. The device embeds a far-UVC lamp emitting at 222 nm, optical filters, and the controlling electronics. We show results on the spatial homogeneity of the emission intensity and the dependence on the lamp-virus distance. We also report on the ozone production due to absorption of far-UVC light from molecular oxygen naturally present in the air in order to evaluate its safety for human being and to properly evaluate its photo-killing efficacy.Copyright © 2023

9.
Kidney International Reports ; 8(3 Supplement):S417, 2023.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2277549

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Infections are the leading cause of death in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) at all time intervals. The non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken during the COVID-19 pandemic have reduced almost all kinds of infections in the general population, as shown in the Chunmei Su et al. study. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of NPIs for the COVID-19 pandemic on infections in KTR patients. Method(s): This was a single-center retrospective observational study conducted at Mumbai's Jaslok Hospital and Research Centre.Samples from symptomatic KTR patients were taken and those who had positive cultures were thought to be infected. The data were analysed and compared between the years 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic). Result(s): A total of 224 patients were enrolled, including 117 patients in 2019 and 107 patients in 2021. In 2019 and 2021, the prevalence of nosocomial infection and community-acquired infection in KTR patients remains unchanged.In 2021, both the number of protective gloves and level 2 PPE kits used per individual, as well as the number of healthcare professionals per patient, have increased dramatically. Regarding the source of infections, no significant change in major infections was observed in respiratory tract infections (12% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.8985), gastrointestinal infections (1.8% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.0786), catheter related blood stream infections (CRBSI) (4.5% vs. 3.7%, p = 0.776), and blood stream infections (11.7% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.73), However, there were increases in urinary tract infections (23% vs. 42.1%;p = 0.0006). The microorganism analysis of respiratory infections shows declines in nocardia and tuberculosis. Gastrointestinal infections show increased Clostridium difficile cases in 2021 compared to 2019, which can be attributed to the overuse of antibiotics. Regarding urinary tract infection, a decline in mixed infection cases and an increase in Enterobacter faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae cases were observed. There were no significant variations in catheter-related nosocomial infections between 2019 and 2021. In comparison to an older study done in the general population by Chunmei Su et al, our study shows no significant change in respiratory, gastrointestinal, and catheter-related blood infections in 2021 compared to 2019 in KTR, despite restrictions being relaxed in general populations beginning in June 2020.Also, there was no significant increase in community acquired pneumonia in 2021, even after reopening public places. Conclusion(s): Our institutional NPIs for KTR patients in the pre-COVID-19 era were shown to be as effective as NPIs for the COVID-19 pandemic in reducing the prevalence of common infections like respiratory, gastrointestinal, blood stream, and catheter-related infections in KTR patients. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023

10.
Esperienze Dermatologiche ; 24(3):51, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2276491
11.
British Journal of Dermatology ; 185(Supplement 1):90, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2268574

ABSTRACT

Daylight photodynamic therapy (DPDT) is an established treatment for field-change actinic keratoses (AK) with high rates of satisfaction and success. In recent times there has been a push within the healthcare industry to reduce avoidable clinic time and complement it with community-based healthcare, including self-administration therapies. The importance of 'decentralized' healthcare and at-home therapies has been emphasized by the recent COVID-19 pandemic - access to treatments is restricted and many patients are not receiving the appropriate care in an attempt to minimize hospital-based treatments. In this project, we deconstructed DPDT and by utilizing principles of design and the concept of realistic medicine, transformed it into a user-friendly, environmentally conscious and engaging at-home therapeutic option. Information on protocols and best practice was obtained from clinical colleagues and a map of the patient pathway was outlined. The treatment was broken down and re-formed into simple steps, taking care with the number of instructions to prevent confusion. The physical form of the at-home kit was designed to facilitate the required materials for DPDT, while being simple and methodical to follow. Steps were separated into individual numbered sections, with only the materials needed at each step visible. Simple graphics are displayed alongside relevant instructions, with colouring to highlight importance. The at-home kit was iteratively improved with input from end users. As part of this initiative the DPDT athome kit is designed and prototyped in order to be posted directly to the user. In trialling this kit preclinically, the theoretical patient journey could be visualized, starting with the unboxing of the kit, then followed by the guides and directed procedure. Through feedback, iterations to the design have subsequently been made that efficiently translate the clinical procedure into a successful at-home design. One of the key principles of realistic medicine to consider is the reduction of waste. In this kit we have, where possible, used recycled and recyclable materials, and are in the process of incorporating medically approved biodegradable gloves, which will instantly reduce a high fraction of the nonrecyclable excess. Implementation of the kit in routine clinical practice will provide important feedback allowing further iterations to the design of the kit. Involving patients directly with the development work and continuously responding to the patient experience will significantly improve the final design of the at-home kit. Helping to implement an option to take this important treatment away from a hospitalized environment represents a paradigm shift in the possible delivery of DPDT and can be useful to optimize treatment delivery on a per-patient basis.

12.
Index de Enfermeria ; 31(4) (no pagination), 2022.
Article in Spanish | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2253536

ABSTRACT

Objective: To measure the prevalence of skin lesions in health personnel related to the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Method(s): A cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study was carried out;A questionnaire was applied to medical and nursing staff who treated patients with COVID-19, the most frequent adverse reactions caused by: masks, gloves, glasses, protective clothing and alcohol gel were quantified. Result(s): 90 people participated, of which 81 (90%) presented skin lesions associated with PPE. The accessory that caused the most injuries was the mask (87.7%), followed by glasses (85.5%) and alcohol gel (82.2%). The most frequent reaction to masks was nasal bridge ulcer (68.9%);in glasses it was pressure injury to the forehead (76.7%);and due to the use of alcohol gel it was dryness (75.5%). Conclusion(s): Prolonged use (>5 hours) of PPE can cause adverse skin effects in healthcare personnel. The mask was the accessory that generated the most skin lesions, with pressure ulcers on the nasal bridge being the most frequent.Copyright © 2022, Fundacion Index. All rights reserved.

13.
American Family Physician ; 105(3):262-270, 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2253471

ABSTRACT

Health care-associated infections (HAIs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Common examples include catheter-associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated bloodstream infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, surgical site infections, and Clostridioides difficile infections. Standardized infection control processes and precautions have been shown to reduce the rate of HAIs, and targeted practices for HAIs have shown further reductions. Patient safety tools have been developed for various HAIs to help guide administrators and are free for public use through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention STRIVE (States Targeting Reduction in Infections via Engagement) initiative. The Choosing Wisely initiative makes best practice recommendations for physicians to improve quality of care and reduce costs;targeted recommendations were developed to reduce the risk of HAIs. For example, using invasive devices only when indicated and for the shortest time possible reduces the risk of device-related HAIs. The goal of antibiotic stewardship is to reduce C. difficile infections and further development of multidrug-resistant organisms such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Antibiotic stewardship targets physician behaviors such as reviewing antibiotic therapy choices every 48 to 72 hours, reviewing culture results as soon as available, de-escalating antibiotic therapy when appropriate, and documenting the indications for initiating and continuing antibiotic therapy.Copyright © 2022 American Academy of Family Physicians.

14.
British Journal of Dermatology ; 185(Supplement 1):98, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2253387

ABSTRACT

The increased incidence of hand dermatitis (HD) is well documented in healthcare professionals (HCPs) (Flyvholm MA, Bach B, Rose M, Jepsen KF. Self-reported hand eczema in a hospital population. Contact Dermatitis 2007;57: 110-15). It is reported that HD accounts for 95% of all occupational dermatitis (Bains SN, Nash P, Fonacier L. Irritant contact dermatitis. Clinic Rev Allergy Immunol 2019;56: 99-109). We sought to better understand the prevalence of HD in HCPs in a large teaching hospital, identify any associated risk factors and assess their knowledge of hand care. Additionally, we aimed to assess the availability of ward facilities and posters for hand hygiene and hand care. The survey was conducted between November 2015 and January 2016. A review of ward facilities and posters for hand care and hand hygiene was conducted in October 2020. A total of 820 HCPs responded to the survey. Altogether, 444 respondents (54 1%) reported a previous history of HD and 226 (27 6%) reported active dermatitis. These included 153 (18 6%) doctors/ dentists, 76 (9 3%) allied health professionals (AHPs), 46 (5 6%) nurses/midwives, 27 (3 3%) administrative staff, 16 (1 9%) other, five (0 6%) technicians and 108 (13 2%) medical/ dental/nursing/midwifery/AHP students. Only 10 (1 2%) took time off work owing to their HD, with five (0 6%) requiring > 5 days off work, but 67 (8 2%) wished they had taken time off work. In total, 416 (50 7%) respondents washed their hands > 20 times daily and 229 (27 9%) used disinfectants > 20 times per day. Those with a prior history of atopic dermatitis (AD) were at higher risk of developing HD [relative risk (RR) 1 69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1 52-1 89;P < 0 001], and within 6 months of starting their job/placement (RR 1 82, 95% CI 1 3-2 5;P < 0 002). Only 107 (13 0%) respondents were able to identify all 11 correct statements regarding hand care. Two hundred and twenty (49 5%) of the 444 HCPs with a history of HD never received hand care advice when they started their current role. The 24 adult wards surveyed had a total of 162 general-use sinks, all with hand soap and disinfectant, and 154 hand hygiene posters. In contrast, only 22 sinks had emollients available. No posters were seen regarding hand care and skin health. This survey highlights the high prevalence of HD among HCPs, especially those with AD, but many are still not aware of good hand care measures. Additionally, our survey reflects the need for early education and equal facilities for hand care and hand hygiene, as both are important when delivering good clinical care, to protect patients and staff, especially in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.

15.
Advances in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ; 2 (no pagination), 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2252559

ABSTRACT

Introduction: In March 2020 a new viral pandemic was declared. As etiological factor a virus belonging to the coronavirus family was isolated. This virus was named SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19. This virus can cause different clinical frames, variating from mild symptomatology to cases of ARDS or death. Although the pandemic outbroke in China, COVID-19 had one of first hotspots in Italy, where the Public Health System needed a re-arrangement to face the disease. The incidence of oncological disease doesn't suffer any variation in relation to pandemics or emergency period, but need to be managed as soon as possible in every situation. In our maxillo-facial surgery Unit we continued our regular activities to treat all oncological patient that needed surgery during the pandemic. Because of the absence of knowledge about the COVID-19, first periods were very difficult to manage, due to the risk of infection of patients and health professionals. We decided to share our experience. Material(s) and Method(s): Between March and June 2020, 34 patients affected by head and neck cancer were admitted at our Unit. All patients underwent surgical treatment and were hospitalized until their situation guaranteed a safe discharge. Result(s): All patients treated for head and neck cancer underwent surgery. All the medical and nurse post-operative management was performed by health operators by using all the personal protective equipment (PPE) to prevent any possible infection. All contacts between patients and their family were suspended. During phase 1, all patients were submitted to a short verbal triage, measurements of physiological parameters and qualitative COVID-19 test. They were also screened by imaging to guarantee there were not any bronchopulmonary diseases referable to viral infections. During phase 2, patients were also screened by serological tests. During phase 3, all patients practiced oropharyngeal swap before being hospitalized. Discussion(s): During lockdown a re-arrangement of the management of oncological patients was mandatory. The difficulties were caused by the restriction of several activities that guarantee a normal health care system function. To date there is not a standardized therapeutic protocol to face the infection. Main therapies are symptomatic and a lot of patients need to be treated in ICUs. To prevent any possible infections, surgical activities were reserved only for urgent disease that cannot be delayed. In our Unit we continued to manage oncological patients. Social distancing and confinement measures were necessary and mandatory, in order to manage our patients. During first phases we had not any valid instrument to totally exclude COVID-19 infection. During phase 3, when oropharyngeal swaps were introduced in the screening of our patients, we could start to work in a safer way. Conclusion(s): There are still a lot of difficulties in the management of patients during COVID 19 pandemic. Because of the important consequences deriving from the delay of oncological patients their management must to be clearly defined.Copyright © 2021

16.
Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology ; 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2250546

ABSTRACT

The demand for gloves (e.g., disposable gloves, medical gloves) is increasing due to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Stability in the supply chain in the glove industry is important, and thus strategies are used to solve the problem of the shortage of nitrile gloves. The blending of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) with polyurethane (PU) and the use of the nanocomposite concept is among the feasible approaches. The present study aims to investigate the effects of nanokaolin (NK) on the tensile and chemical properties of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR)/polyurethane (PU) latex blends. Three different loadings of NK (10, 20, and 30 parts per hundred rubber) were added to the NBR/PU (at a blending ratio of 85/15). The zeta potential showed that all the NBR compounds exhibit good colloidal stability. The incorporation of NK increased the crosslink density and tensile strength of the NBR/PU latex blends. The highest tensile strength was achieved when the NK loading was 20 phr. All the NBR blends and nanocomposites (NBR/PU-based) possess tensile properties that fulfill the requirements for glove application. The chemical resistance of NBR compounds was increased by the incorporation of NK due to the higher crosslink density and barrier properties contributed by the NK. © The Author(s) 2023.

17.
European Respiratory Journal Conference: European Respiratory Society International Congress, ERS ; 60(Supplement 66), 2022.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2283166

ABSTRACT

Single use flexible bronchoscopes (SUFBs) have come to the forefront in the COVID-19 pandemic to minimise risk of infectious transmission as well as carry out bedside procedures for critically unwell patients. Multiple companies have released SUFBs with varying technical metrics. We hypothesised that clinician bronchoscope preference varies depending on physical characteristics and level of experience. 39 participants including physicians, surgeons and anaesthetists with a range of expertise from first time endoscopists to consultants took part in a trial of all available SUFBs (The Surgical Company (TSC) Broncoflex©, Boston Scientific©, Ambu©, Vathin©, Pentax© prototype scope). Likert scales were used to evaluate scope parameters including ergonomics, comfort and ease of procedures. Participant parameters were collected including height, gender and hand size. TSC Broncoflex © was the preferred scope overall with ratings of 82% for ergonomics and 83% for usage. Female participants preferred Pentax (p=0.04);male participants preferred TSC (p=0.04). Participants with small or medium glove size preferred Pentax (p=0.02) while those with large glove size ranked Vathin and TSC highest. Doctors with >10 years experience preferred Pentax (p=0.04). Gender, hand size and previous experience influenced scope preference. These factors should be considered in future scope development.

18.
European Journal of Molecular and Clinical Medicine ; 7(11):5287-5309, 2020.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2281014

ABSTRACT

The year 2020 saw the emergence of a novel, highly contagious, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that originated in the Wuhan province of China and spread across the globe. This led to a worldwide pandemic. The World Health Organisation (WHO), within a month of cases being detected, declared the illness as a -public health emergency of international concern". COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 not only affected the public health resulting in neurological manifestations (headache, dizziness, or cerebrovascular symptoms), but also initiated a plethora of mental health issues like anxiety, depression and suicidal tendencies. Having spread to over 200 countries, this virus has been a dire cause of concern for primarily two reasons: the threat they possess to the physiological and psychosocial health of the individuals;and the fear, anxiety and panic that has arisen as a result of the pandemic. Most nations, including India, underwent a complete lockdown with stringent norms of social distancing, self-isolation, and quarantine (for infected patients). As the nation tried to manage the situation, guidelines were set up for all its citizens by providing personal protective equipment (PPE), instilling practices like wearing a protective mask, gloves and frequent sanitisation in order to curb the spread of disease and safeguard public health. This review discusses the influence of COVID-19 on the mental health of the general population, focusing on the adolescent, pregnant and elderly;its proposed mechanism of action, and possible strategic interventions to protect the people, offer supportive measures to enhance quality of life, and prevent the spread.Copyright © 2020 Ubiquity Press. All rights reserved.

19.
Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine ; 25(1):48, 2021.
Article in English | EMBASE | ID: covidwho-2264186

ABSTRACT

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic increased the workload of municipal and garbage collectors, increasing their levels of exposure to health hazards. Hence, we aimed to assess the risk perception and level of perceived work stress among sanitation workers during of COVID 19 pandemic. Method(s): This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among domestic waste collectors and cleaners of Oulgaret Municipality, Puducherry, during January-February 2021. Convenient sampling was used. Workers engaged garbage collection, street sweeping, cleaning of drains and public toilets were included. Telephonic interviews were carried out using a structured questionnaire. Result(s): A total of 120 workers were interviewed. The mean (SD) age of the male participants (N= 36) was 45.4 (9.8) years;and 46.4(8.5) years for females (N=84). All the workers reported adherence to hand hygiene practices and wearing masks and gloves. 26.6% felt that public non-compliance to solid waste management rules was a major risk. The participants (24.1%) found the public to be abusive and fault finding and 20.8% of workers mentioned that the public were empathetic, cooperative, and generous. Almost one-third (32.5%) worked without holidays, and 21.6% reported the supply of PPE was irregular post lockdown. Although the Municipality arranged transport for the majority of the workers to commute to and from work during the lockdown, a small number (13.3%) had traveled to work on their own. 58.3% had anxiety with regards to contracting the infection, and 25.8% had a fear of spreading infection to family and children. Eagerness to learn more about the pandemic was expressed by 47.5%. Conclusion(s): Public non-compliance to solid waste management rules was perceived as a major risk, and more than half of the workers expressed anxiety during the Covid pandemic lockdown. Strengthening the Municipal workers' social security schemes to compensate and protect them in areas of high levels of exposure needs immediate attention.

20.
Case Studies in Construction Materials ; 18, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2244499

ABSTRACT

Since the COVID-19 outbreak in late 2019, a surprisingly large amount of personal protective equipment, such as medical rubber gloves, have been frequently used, and this medical waste can cause very major environmental problems. A multidisciplinary collaborative approach is needed to combat the pandemic and lessen the environmental risks associated with the disposal of medical waste. This study developed an innovative approach by incorporating shredded rubber glove fibers (RGF) into aggregates to enhance the fatigue resistance of concrete. In this study, different volume contents (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%) of RGF were added to the aggregate for the first time. The effects of different RGF contents on the fatigue characteristics of concrete were examined through repeated loading tests and SEM analysis. The results show that the width and number of cracks produced by rubber glove fiber concrete (RGFC) after repeated loading are significantly reduced compared with normal concrete (NC). Following repeated loading, RGFC exhibited higher total, plastic, and elastic strain values than NC, demonstrating greater deformability and elasticity. However, the maximum total strain growth rate and the total strain growth range of the RGFC group were only 2.26 × 10−3/time and 14.0%, which were significantly smaller than the 3.8 × 10−3/time and 31.7% of the NC group, showing better stability, corresponding to enhance the fatigue resistance of concrete. The interfacial transition zone (ITZ) was abnormally smooth with a thin thickness and no visible gaps were discovered, based on the results of SEM test performed on the RGFC. The findings obtained in this study may provide new ideas for the resource utilization of medical waste. © 2023

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